What Is Blepharitis?
Blepharitis is a common eye condition that causes inflammation of the eyelids, particularly along the edges where the eyelashes grow. It can affect people of all ages and is often chronic and recurring if not properly treated. While not usually sight-threatening, blepharitis can cause considerable discomfort and disrupt daily activities.
This condition may be triggered by infection, skin conditions, or blocked oil glands. Timely diagnosis and proper management are essential to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.
Causes of Eyelid Inflammation
Blepharitis may result from various causes, which are typically grouped into infectious, non-infectious, or mixed categories.
Bacterial Infection
A buildup of Staphylococcus bacteria along the lash line can trigger an infection, leading to swelling, redness, and crusting. This is one of the most common causes of blepharitis.
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD)
The meibomian glands, located in the eyelids, produce oils essential for a healthy tear film. Blockages or irregular oil secretion can lead to dry eyes and inflammation, commonly contributing to posterior blepharitis.
Seborrheic Dermatitis
This skin condition causes flaking and greasy scaling, especially around the scalp and eyebrows. It can also affect the eyelids, leading to irritation and redness.
Allergies or Irritants
Blepharitis can result from allergic reactions to makeup, eye drops, or contact lens solutions. Environmental factors like dust and smoke can also play a role.
Parasites and Mites
Demodex mites, microscopic organisms that live near hair follicles, may contribute to chronic eyelid inflammation, especially in older adults.
Symptoms of Blepharitis
The severity and type of symptoms can vary depending on the underlying cause and how long the condition has been present. Common signs include:
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Swollen eyelids, often more pronounced in the morning
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Redness and tenderness of the eyelid margins
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Crusts or flakes at the base of the eyelashes
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Itching or burning sensation
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Watery or dry eyes
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Sticky discharge, especially upon waking
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Sensation of a foreign body or grit in the eye
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Light sensitivity
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In more severe cases, small pus-filled bumps may form on the eyelid (especially with infection)
Left untreated, blepharitis can lead to conjunctivitis, styes, or even changes in eyelash growth.
Types of Blepharitis
Anterior Blepharitis
Affects the outer front edge of the eyelid where the eyelashes attach. It is commonly associated with bacterial infection or skin conditions like seborrheic dermatitis.
Posterior Blepharitis
Involves the inner part of the eyelid that contacts the eyeball. Often linked to Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD).
Some patients may experience both forms simultaneously.
Diagnosis and Examination at Bangkok Eye Hospital
At Bangkok Eye Hospital, our ophthalmologists are trained to identify blepharitis through a comprehensive eye exam. The evaluation may include:
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Slit-lamp examination to view the eyelid margins and tear film
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Fluorescein staining to assess corneal health
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Meibomian gland function tests
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Tear breakup time (TBUT) analysis
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Eyelid swab or biopsy (in rare or resistant cases)
Accurate diagnosis ensures the best treatment approach based on the specific type and cause of the inflammation.
Treatment for Blepharitis
Treatment depends on the underlying cause but generally focuses on controlling symptoms and reducing inflammation.
Eyelid Hygiene
Consistent eyelid cleaning is crucial to remove crusts, oils, and bacteria.
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Use a warm compress to soften debris and unclog glands
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Gently scrub the eyelids with diluted baby shampoo or special eyelid cleansers
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Clean eyelids twice daily during flare-ups, then once daily for maintenance
Antibiotics
For bacterial blepharitis or secondary infections, your doctor may prescribe:
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Topical antibiotic ointments (e.g., erythromycin)
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Antibiotic eye drops
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Oral antibiotics (e.g., doxycycline) for Meibomian gland dysfunction or chronic cases
Anti-inflammatory Medications
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Steroid eye drops or ointments may be prescribed for short-term inflammation control
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Cyclosporine eye drops can help in cases with immune-related dry eyes
Artificial Tears
Used to relieve associated dry eye symptoms and improve tear film quality.
Treating Associated Conditions
Managing skin disorders such as seborrheic dermatitis, rosacea, or allergies can reduce recurrence.
Advanced Treatments Available
In more persistent cases, Bangkok Eye Hospital offers advanced options such as:
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Lid margin debridement
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Thermal pulsation therapy for Meibomian gland dysfunction
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Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) therapy to reduce inflammation and improve oil gland function
Preventing Recurrent Blepharitis
While blepharitis can’t always be cured, its symptoms can be controlled with good eye hygiene and follow-up care:
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Remove eye makeup thoroughly before bed
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Replace eye cosmetics regularly
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Avoid sharing eye products
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Use preservative-free artificial tears
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Keep eyelids clean even during remission periods
Related Services at Bangkok Eye Hospital
To ensure complete care, we offer a full range of services for blepharitis and related conditions:
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Ocular Surface Disease Clinic
Specializes in treating dry eye, MGD, and eyelid inflammation -
Lid and Lash Health Screening
For early detection of chronic blepharitis or eyelid abnormalities -
Contact Lens Clinic
For managing lens-related eyelid irritation and fitting for sensitive eyes -
Cornea and External Eye Disease Clinic
Manages complex cases involving corneal damage due to chronic inflammation
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Is blepharitis contagious?
No, blepharitis is not typically contagious. However, hygiene is important to prevent spreading bacteria or irritants that may cause flare-ups.
Can I wear contact lenses if I have blepharitis?
You may need to stop wearing contacts during a flare-up. Once inflammation is under control, lenses can often be used again with proper hygiene.
Will blepharitis go away on its own?
No. It often requires regular eyelid cleaning and possibly medication. Without treatment, symptoms may persist or worsen.
How long does treatment take?
Improvement is usually seen within a few weeks, but ongoing eyelid hygiene is needed to prevent recurrence.
Can blepharitis damage my vision?
It usually doesn’t cause permanent vision loss, but untreated cases can lead to complications like corneal ulcers or scarring.
