αž‡αŸ’αžšαž»αž„αž“αŸƒαžŸαž»αžαž—αžΆαž–αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ : #Dry eyes

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What Is Thin Cornea? Causes, Symptoms, and Eye Care Tips

A thin cornea refers to a condition where the cornea—the clear, dome-shaped front layer of the eye—has a thickness lower than normal, which can affect vision and overall eye health. This condition may result from various causes such as natural aging, frequent eye rubbing, genetic disorders, or side effects from eye surgeries like LASIK. Common symptoms include blurry vision, frequent changes in prescription, distorted images, and unusually high astigmatism.   Understanding the Cornea The cornea is the transparent, curved layer covering the front part of the eye. It helps focus light into the eye for clear vision and serves as a protective barrier against dust and germs. Normally, corneal thickness ranges between 520–550 microns, but it may thin with age.   What Is a Thin Cornea? A thin cornea is typically defined as a corneal thickness of less than 500 microns (0.5 mm). It is not necessarily a disease and often requires no treatment. However, thin corneas can affect certain diagnoses—such as glaucoma—since intraocular pressure readings may appear lower than actual values. Corneal thickness also plays an important role in refractive surgery decisions. For example, patients with thin corneas and high refractive errors (nearsightedness or astigmatism) may not be ideal candidates for LASIK, as the remaining corneal tissue after surgery might be too thin. This could increase the risk of complications like keratoconus or corneal ectasia. In such cases, ophthalmologists may recommend alternative procedures such as PRK, ICL, FemtoLASIK, ReLEx SMILE Pro, or NanoLASIK, which preserve more corneal tissue. Therefore, detailed corneal thickness assessment is essential before undergoing LASIK to ensure safe and effective outcomes.   Does Wearing Contact Lenses Cause Thinning of the Cornea? Generally, wearing contact lenses correctly does not thin the cornea. However, prolonged use without proper cleaning or rest may lead to oxygen deprivation or corneal infections, which can gradually weaken or thin corneal tissue.   Causes of Thin Cornea There are several factors that can lead to corneal thinning: 1. Genetic Conditions Keratoconus: The most common cause, where the cornea gradually thins and bulges outward into a cone shape, leading to irregular astigmatism and blurred vision. It usually appears during the teenage years to early adulthood. Corneal Dystrophies: Such as Pellucid Marginal Degeneration (PMD), where thinning occurs in the lower peripheral cornea. 2. Eye Surgery or Injury Procedures like LASIK or PRK can thin the cornea, especially if excessive corneal tissue is removed. Repeated eye injuries or untreated infections (e.g., corneal ulcers, keratitis) can also cause thinning due to tissue damage. 3. Systemic Diseases and Medication Autoimmune diseases such as Rheumatoid Arthritis or SLE can cause chronic inflammation, leading to corneal thinning.Long-term use of steroid eye drops may also weaken corneal tissue over time.   Symptoms of Thin Cornea Corneal thinning often progresses slowly and may not show early signs. Key symptoms include: Blurry or distorted vision Frequent changes in prescription High or irregular astigmatism Difficulty focusing or double vision   Diagnosis Thin cornea is often detected during pre-LASIK evaluations.Eye doctors use devices like: Keratometer: Measures corneal curvature and astigmatism. Corneal Topography: Creates a detailed map of corneal thickness and shape. Tomographic Biomechanical Index (TBI): Evaluates corneal strength and risk of ectasia. While early symptoms can hint at the condition, only a comprehensive eye exam by an ophthalmologist can confirm it.   Summary Thin cornea is a silent condition that can significantly impact vision if left untreated. Early detection—especially before refractive surgery—is crucial.At Bangkok Eye Hospital, advanced diagnostic tools and experienced specialists ensure accurate corneal thickness evaluation and personalized treatment planning to maintain long-term eye health.     FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions About Thin Cornea 1. Can corneal thickness be increased?No, corneal thickness cannot naturally increase as it is determined by the cornea’s internal structure. 2. What happens if thin cornea is left untreated?It may lead to worsening blurred vision, irregular astigmatism, or even corneal ectasia. In severe cases, acute hydrops or corneal perforation may occur, leading to permanent vision loss if untreated. 3. Can thin cornea be prevented?Yes — by avoiding vigorous eye rubbing, maintaining good eye hygiene, limiting contact lens wear time, and having regular eye checkups, especially if there is a family history of corneal diseases.
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Laser Vision LASIK Centre

αžœαž·αž’αžΈαžαŸ‚αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈαžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹ LASIK

αžœαž·αž’αžΈαžαŸ‚αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈαžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹ LASIK αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈαž‘αž‘αž½αž›αž€αžΆαžšαžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹ LASIK αž€αžΆαžšαžαŸ‚αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž‚αžΊαž…αžΆαŸ†αž”αžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž’αžΆαž“αžΆαž±αŸ’αž™αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž‡αžΆαžŸαŸ‡αžŸαŸ’αž”αžΎαž™αž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αž†αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžšαž αŸαžŸαž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αžΉαž„αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž”αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž”αž…αŸ’αž…αŸαž€αžœαž·αž‘αŸ’αž™αžΆαž‘αŸ†αž“αžΎαž”αžŠαžΌαž…αž‡αžΆ NanoRelex αž“αž·αž„ NanoLASIK αž˜αž€αž–αžΈαž”αŸ’αžšαž‘αŸαžŸαžŸαŸ’αžœαžΈαžŸαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž”αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž‘αžΆαžŸαŸŠαŸ‚αžšαžαžΆαž˜αž–αž›αž‘αžΆαž” αž•αž›αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž–αžΆαž›αŸ‹αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™αž€αžΆαžš LASIK αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αžαŸ’αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„αŸ” Laser Vision αž”αžΆαž“αž•αŸ’αžαž›αŸ‹αž”αž‘αž–αž·αžŸαŸ„αž’αž“αŸαž‡αžΆαž„ 25 αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž“αžΈαžαž·αžœαž·αž’αžΈ LASIK αž’αžΆαž“αžΆαž“αžΌαžœαžŠαŸ†αžŽαžΎαžšαž€αžΆαžšαž…αŸ’αž”αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž“αž·αž„αžŸαž»αžœαžαŸ’αžαž·αž—αžΆαž–αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž›αžΎαž€αž€αž˜αŸ’αž–αžŸαŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž…αŸ’αž”αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž“αž·αž„αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαž»αžαž—αžΆαž–αž›αŸ’αž’αŸ”   αž€αžΆαžšαžŠαŸ„αŸ‡αžŸαŸ’αžšαžΆαž™αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αžΉαž„αž•αž›αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž–αžΆαž›αŸ‹αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαŸ„αŸ‡αž’αžΆαžŸαž“αŸ’αž“αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™ LASIK αž”αž‹αž˜αŸ–   αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈ LASIK αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž’αžΆαž…αž‡αž½αž”αž”αŸ’αžšαž‘αŸ‡αž•αž›αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž–αžΆαž›αŸ‹αžšαž™αŸˆαž–αŸαž›αžαŸ’αž›αžΈαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αŸ’αžšαŸ‚αž”αŸ’αžšαž½αž›αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž…αŸ†αžŽαŸ„αž˜αž”αž»αž‚αŸ’αž‚αž› αž•αž›αžšαŸ†αžαžΆαž“αžŠαŸ†αž”αžΌαž„αž‘αžΌαž‘αŸ…αžšαž½αž˜αž˜αžΆαž“: αžšαž˜αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αŸ– αž‡αžΆαžšαžΏαž™αŸ—αž€αžΎαžαž‘αžΎαž„αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αžšαž™αŸˆαž–αŸαž› 24 αž˜αŸ‰αŸ„αž„αžŠαŸ†αž”αžΌαž„αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈαž€αžΆαžšαž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ LASIK αž“αŸαŸ‡αž’αžΆαž…αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αž”αžΆαž“αžŠαŸ„αž™αž€αžΆαžšαžŸαž˜αŸ’αžšαžΆαž€αž±αŸ’αž™αž”αžΆαž“αž‚αŸ’αžšαž”αŸ‹αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž“αŸ‹αž“αž·αž„αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž€αžΆαžšαž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžαŸ’αžšαž‡αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž¬αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž€αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαžΆαž˜αžœαŸαž‡αŸ’αž‡αž”αž‰αŸ’αž‡αžΆαŸ” αž…αž€αŸ’αžαž»αž–αŸ’αžšαž·αž›αŸ—αŸ– αž‡αžΆαž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžαžΆαž˜αžΆαž“αž”αž‘αž–αž·αžŸαŸ„αž’αž“αŸαž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αžŸαž”αŸ’αžαžΆαž αŸαžŠαŸ†αž”αžΌαž„αž“αŸαŸ‡αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αž€αŸ†αžŽαžαŸ‹αž‚αž»αžŽαž›αž€αŸ’αžαžŽαŸˆαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαŸ’αž„αž½αžαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž›αž˜αž€αž–αžΈαž“αžΈαžαž·αžœαž·αž’αžΈ LASIKαŸ” αž€αžΆαžšαž˜αžΎαž›αžƒαžΎαž‰αž˜αžΆαž“αž—αžΆαž–αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαžΎαžšαž‘αžΎαž„αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž·αž…αž˜αŸ’αžαž„αŸ— αž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž€αž‰αŸ’αž…αž€αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž‡αžΆαžŸαŸ‡αžŸαŸ’αž”αžΎαž™αŸ” αž–αž“αŸ’αž›αžΊαž…αŸ‚αž„αž…αžΆαŸ†αž„αž–αŸαž›αž™αž”αŸ‹αŸ– αžœαžΆαž’αžΆαž…αž›αŸαž…αž…αŸαž‰αž‡αžΆαžŸαž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαž•αŸ’αž€αžΆαž™αž¬αž–αž“αŸ’αž›αžΊαžšαžŸαŸ’αž˜αžΈ αž”αŸ‰αž»αž“αŸ’αžαŸ‚αž‡αžΆαž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžαžΆαžœαžΆαž˜αžΆαž“αž›αž€αŸ’αžαžŽαŸˆαž”αžŽαŸ’αžŠαŸ„αŸ‡αž’αžΆαžŸαž“αŸ’αž“αžŠαŸ„αž™αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž€αž‰αŸ’αž…αž€αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžšαž›αŸ„αž„αžαžΆαž˜αž–αŸαž›αžœαŸαž›αžΆαŸ” αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαž·αž“β€‹αž”αžΎβ€‹αž€αžΆαžšβ€‹αž”αžΎαž€αž”αžšβ€‹αž–αŸαž›β€‹αž™αž”αŸ‹β€‹αž˜αžΆαž“β€‹αž•αž›β€‹αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡β€‹αž–αžΆαž›αŸ‹β€‹αž‚αž½αžšβ€‹αž‡αŸ€αžŸβ€‹αžœαžΆαž„β€‹αž‡αžΆβ€‹αž”αžŽαŸ’αžŠαŸ„αŸ‡β€‹αž’αžΆαžŸαž“αŸ’αž“αŸ” αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαŸ’αž„αž½αžαŸ– αž‘αžΆαžŸαŸŠαŸ‚αžšαž’αžΆαž…αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αž€αžΆαžšαž•αž›αž·αžαž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž‡αžΆαž”αžŽαŸ’αžαŸ„αŸ‡αž’αžΆαžŸαž“αŸ’αž“αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž“αžΆαŸ†αž±αŸ’αž™αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαŸ’αž„αž½αžαŸ” αž—αžΆαž–αž˜αž·αž“αžŸαŸ’αžšαž½αž›αž’αžΆαž…αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αž’αžΌαžšαžŸαŸ’αžšαžΆαž›αžŠαŸ„αž™αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαž·αž”αŸ’αž”αž“αž·αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž·αž αž αžΎαž™αž‡αžΆαž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžαžΆαžœαžΆαž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαžΎαžšαž‘αžΎαž„αžαžΆαž˜αž–αŸαž›αžœαŸαž›αžΆαŸ”   αžŠαŸ„αŸ‡αžŸαŸ’αžšαžΆαž™αž€αž„αŸ’αžœαž›αŸ‹αž•αŸ’αžŸαŸαž„αŸ—αŸ– αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαž·αž“αž”αžΎαž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž½αž”αž”αŸ’αžšαž‘αŸ‡αž”αž‰αŸ’αž αžΆαžŠαžΌαž…αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸαŸ‡ αžœαžΆαž…αžΆαŸ†αž”αžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŽαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαžŸαŸ’αžœαŸ‚αž„αžšαž€αž‡αŸ†αž“αž½αž™αž–αžΈαž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž―αž€αž‘αŸαžŸαž‡αžΆαž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž“αŸ‹αŸ–   αžˆαžΊαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ αž¬αžšαž˜αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž„αž“αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž„αžš αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž αžΎαž˜ αž¬αž€αŸ’αžšαž αž˜αž“αŸƒαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž›αžΎαžŸαž–αžΈαžαŸ’αž„αŸƒαžŠαŸ†αž”αžΌαž„ αž€αžΆαžšαž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž„αŸ‹αž€αžΆαžšαž˜αžΎαž›αžƒαžΎαž‰αž—αŸ’αž›αžΆαž˜αŸ— αž¬αž€αžΆαžšαž αžΌαžšαž‘αžΉαž€αžšαŸ†αž’αž·αž›αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž˜αž·αž“αž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžαžΆ αžšαžΆαž›αŸ‹αž€αžΆαžšαžšαž„αžšαž”αž½αžŸαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈαž€αžΆαžšαžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹ LASIK   αžŸαŸαž…αž€αŸ’αžαžΈαžŸαž“αŸ’αž“αž·αžŠαŸ’αž‹αžΆαž“αŸ– αž…αž€αŸ’αžαž»αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‚αžΊαž‡αžΆαž‘αŸ’αžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžŸαž˜αŸ’αž”αžαŸ’αžαž·αžŠαŸαž˜αžΆαž“αžαž˜αŸ’αž›αŸƒαž˜αž½αž™ αž αžΎαž™αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈ LASIK αžœαžΆαž‘αžΆαž˜αž‘αžΆαžšαž€αžΆαžšαžαŸ‚αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž“αž·αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž™αž€αž…αž·αžαŸ’αžαž‘αž»αž€αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αž”αŸ’αžšαž»αž„αž”αŸ’αžšαž™αŸαžαŸ’αž“αŸ” αž€αžΆαžšαž‡αŸ’αžšαžΎαžŸαžšαžΎαžŸαž˜αž‡αŸ’αžˆαž˜αžŽαŸ’αžŒαž› LASIK αžŠαŸαž›αŸ’αž”αžΈαž›αŸ’αž”αžΆαž‰αžŠαžΌαž…αž‡αžΆ Laser Vision αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžŸαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž›αŸ‹αžŸαž˜αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž”αž…αŸ’αž…αŸαž€αžœαž·αž‘αŸ’αž™αžΆαž‘αŸ†αž“αžΎαž”αž“αžΈαžαž·αžœαž·αž’αžΈαžŸαŸ’αžαž„αŸ‹αžŠαžΆαžšαž“αž·αž„αž”αž‘αž–αž·αžŸαŸ„αž’αž“αŸαž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αž‘αžΌαž›αŸ†αž‘αžΌαž›αžΆαž™αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αž“αŸαŸ‡αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαžΆαžšαŸˆαžŸαŸ†αžαžΆαž“αŸ‹αžŽαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž’αžΆαž“αžΆαž±αŸ’αž™αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž‡αžΆαžŸαŸ‡αžŸαŸ’αž”αžΎαž™αž–αŸαž‰αž›αŸαž‰ αž“αž·αž„αž‡αŸ„αž‚αž‡αŸαž™αŸ”
Laser Vision LASIK Centre

αž’αŸ†αž–αžΈαž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€

αž’αŸ†αž–αžΈαž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž‡αžΆαžαž· αž•αž›αž·αžαžŠαŸ„αž™αž€αŸ’αžšαž–αŸαž‰αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž™αžΎαž„ αž”αž˜αŸ’αžšαžΎαž˜αž»αžαž„αžΆαžšαžŸαŸ†αžαžΆαž“αŸ‹αŸ—αž‡αžΆαž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αŸ–   1. αž•αŸ’αžαž›αŸ‹αžŸαŸ†αžŽαžΎαž˜αžŠαž›αŸ‹αž€αŸ‚αžœαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ αž“αž·αž„αžŸαžšαžŸαŸƒαž…αž„ αž•αŸ’αžαž›αŸ‹αž‡αžΆαžαž·αž‘αžΉαž€αž…αžΆαŸ†αž”αžΆαž…αŸ‹αŸ”   2. αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž±αŸ’αž™αž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒαž“αŸƒαž€αž‰αŸ’αž…αž€αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžšαž›αŸ„αž„ αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž±αŸ’αž™αž˜αžΎαž›αžƒαžΎαž‰αž…αŸ’αž”αžΆαžŸαŸ‹ αžŠαŸ„αž™αžšαž€αŸ’αžŸαžΆαž”αžΆαž“αž“αžΌαžœαž›αž€αŸ’αžαžŽαŸˆαžŸαž˜αŸ’αž”αžαŸ’αžαž·αž’αž»αž”αž‘αž·αž€αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αžœαžΆαŸ”   3. αž•αŸ’αž‚αžαŸ‹αž•αŸ’αž‚αž„αŸ‹αžŸαžΆαžšαž’αžΆαžαž»αž…αž·αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΉαž˜ αž“αž·αž„αž’αž»αž€αžŸαŸŠαžΈαž αŸ’αžŸαŸ‚αž“αž‘αŸ…αž€αŸ‚αžœαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ αžαžŽαŸˆαž–αŸαž›αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž™αž€αž•αž›αž·αžαž•αž›αž€αžΆαž€αžŸαŸ†αžŽαž›αŸ‹αž…αŸαž‰αŸ”   4. αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαž˜αžΆαžŸαž’αžΆαžαž»αž”αŸ’αžšαž†αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžαž·αžŸαž»αžαž»αž˜αž”αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŽαž€αž˜αŸ’αžšαž·αžαžŸαŸ’αžšαžΆαž›αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž€αžΆαžšαž–αžΆαžšαž€αžΆαžšαž†αŸ’αž›αž„αž˜αŸαžšαŸ„αž‚αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αŸ”   αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž‡αžΆαžαž·αžŠαžΎαžšαžαž½αž“αžΆαž‘αžΈαž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αžŸαŸ†αžαžΆαž“αŸ‹αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαžšαž€αŸ’αžŸαžΆαž—αžΆαž–αžŸαŸ’αžšαžŽαž»αž€αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ αž“αž·αž„αž—αžΆαž–αž…αŸ’αž”αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž“αŸƒαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αŸ” αž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž‡αžΆαžαž·αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž™αžΎαž„αž˜αž·αž“αž’αžΆαž…αžšαž€αŸ’αžŸαžΆαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž™αžΎαž„αž±αŸ’αž™αž˜αžΆαž“αž‡αžΆαžαž·αžšαŸ†αž’αž·αž›αž”αžΆαž“αž‚αŸ’αžšαž”αŸ‹αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž“αŸ‹ αžŸαŸ’αžαžΆαž“αž—αžΆαž–αž˜αž½αž™αž αŸ…αžαžΆ "αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαŸ’αž„αž½αž" αž’αžΆαž…αž€αžΎαžαž‘αžΎαž„ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž“αžΆαŸ†αž±αŸ’αž™αž˜αžΆαž“αž—αžΆαž–αž˜αž·αž“αžŸαŸ’αžšαž½αž› αž€αŸ’αžšαž αž˜ αžšαž˜αžΆαžŸαŸ‹ αž“αž·αž„αž”αž‰αŸ’αž αžΆαž•αŸ’αžŸαŸαž„αŸ—αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‘αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αž„αž“αžΉαž„αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αŸ”   αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαž·αž”αŸ’αž”αž“αž·αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž·αž   αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαž·αž”αŸ’αž”αž“αž·αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž·αž αž‚αžΊαž‡αžΆαž•αž›αž·αžαž•αž›αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžšαž…αž“αžΆαž‘αžΎαž„αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž‡αŸ†αž“αž½αžŸ αž¬αž”αŸ†αž–αŸαž‰αž”αž“αŸ’αžαŸ‚αž˜αž“αžΌαžœαž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž‡αžΆαžαž·αž…αŸ†αž–αŸ„αŸ‡αž”αž»αž‚αŸ’αž‚αž›αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž•αž›αž·αžαž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž˜αž·αž“αž‚αŸ’αžšαž”αŸ‹αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž“αŸ‹ αž¬αž‡αž½αž”αž”αŸ’αžšαž‘αŸ‡αžšαŸ„αž‚αžŸαž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαŸ’αž„αž½αžαŸ” αž–αž½αž€αžœαžΆαžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αž‚αŸαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαžšαŸ†αž’αž·αž› αž“αž·αž„αž•αŸ’αžαž›αŸ‹αžŸαŸ†αžŽαžΎαž˜αžŠαž›αŸ‹αž€αŸ‚αžœαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ αž”αŸ†αž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αž—αžΆαž–αž˜αž·αž“αžŸαŸ’αžšαž½αž› αž“αž·αž„αžšαž›αžΆαž€αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž›αž˜αž€αž–αžΈαžαŸ’αž™αž›αŸ‹ αž“αž·αž„αž–αž“αŸ’αž›αžΊαž…αžΆαŸ†αž„αŸ”   αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαž·αž”αŸ’αž”αž“αž·αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž·αžαž˜αžΆαž“αž–αžΈαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαž—αŸαž‘αž’αŸ†αŸ—αŸ–   1. αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαž·αž”αŸ’αž”αž“αž·αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž·αžαž‚αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαžšαž€αŸ’αžŸαžΆαž‘αž»αž€αŸ– αž‡αžΆαž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžαžΆαž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž“αŸαŸ‡αž‚αžΊαž‡αžΆαžŠαž”αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžαŸ‚αž˜αž½αž™αžŠαž„ αž¬αž’αž»αž„αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αžŠαžΌαžŸαŸ” αž–αž½αž€αžœαžΆαžαŸ’αžœαŸ‡αžŸαžΆαžšαž’αžΆαžαž»αžαŸ‚αžšαž€αŸ’αžŸαžΆ αž αžΎαž™αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αžŽαŸ‚αž“αžΆαŸ†αžŸαž˜αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžšαžŸαžΎαž” αž¬αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžœαžΆαž‰αžΉαž€αž‰αžΆαž”αŸ‹αŸ”   2. αž‘αžΉαž€β€‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€β€‹αžŸαž·αž”αŸ’αž”αž“αž·αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž·αžβ€‹αžŠαŸ‚αž›β€‹αž˜αžΆαž“β€‹αžŸαžΆαžšαž’αžΆαžαž»β€‹αžšαž€αŸ’αžŸαžΆβ€‹αž‘αž»αž€αŸ– β€‹β€‹αž˜αžΆαž“β€‹αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„β€‹αžŠαž”β€‹αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“β€‹αž€αž˜αŸ’αžšαž·αžαŸ” αž–αž½αž€αžœαžΆαž•αŸ’αž‘αž»αž€αž“αžΌαžœαžŸαžΆαžšαž’αžΆαžαž»αžαŸ‚αžšαž€αŸ’αžŸαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‡αž½αž™αž–αž“αŸ’αž™αžΆαžšαž’αžΆαž™αž»αž€αžΆαž›αž’αŸ’αž“αžΎαžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž•αž›αž·αžαž•αž› αž”αŸ‰αž»αž“αŸ’αžαŸ‚αž”αŸ’αžšαž αŸ‚αž›αž‡αžΆαž˜αž·αž“αžŸαžΌαžœαžŸαž˜αžšαž˜αŸ’αž™αžŸαž˜αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžšαžŸαžΎαž”αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‘αŸαŸ” αž‡αžΆαž‘αžΌαž‘αŸ…αž–αž½αž€αž‚αŸαž’αžΆαž…αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžšαž αžΌαžαžŠαž›αŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžšαžΆαŸ†αžŠαž„αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž˜αž½αž™αžαŸ’αž„αŸƒαŸ”   αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαž·αž”αŸ’αž”αž“αž·αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž·αžαž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž–αžΈαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαž—αŸαž‘αž˜αžΆαž“αž‡αžΆαž‘αž˜αŸ’αžšαž„αŸ‹αžšαžΆαžœ αž‡αŸ‚αž› αž¬αž˜αž½αž“αŸ” αž‡αž˜αŸ’αžšαžΎαžŸαž“αŸƒαž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαž·αž”αŸ’αž”αž“αž·αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž·αžαž’αžΆαžŸαŸ’αžšαŸαž™αž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎαž—αžΆαž–αž’αŸ’αž„αž“αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž„αžšαž“αŸƒαžšαŸ„αž‚αžŸαž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαŸ’αž„αž½αž αž“αž·αž„αžαž˜αŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž€αžΆαžšαž‡αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž›αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž”αž»αž‚αŸ’αž‚αž›αž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αŸ—αŸ”   αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž”αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαž·αž”αŸ’αž”αž“αž·αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž·αž   1. αž›αžΆαž„αžŠαŸƒαžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αŸ– αž›αžΆαž„αžŸαž˜αŸ’αž’αžΆαžαžŠαŸƒαžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž±αŸ’αž™αž”αžΆαž“αžŸαŸ’αž’αžΆαžαž˜αž»αž“αž–αŸαž›αž›αžΆαž”αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαž·αž”αŸ’αž”αž“αž·αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž·αžαŸ”   2. αž’αŸ’αžšαž„αž½αž“αžŠαž” (αž”αžΎαž…αžΆαŸ†αž”αžΆαž…αŸ‹)αŸ– αž•αž›αž·αžαž•αž›αžαŸ’αž›αŸ‡αž’αžΆαž…αžαž˜αŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž±αŸ’αž™αž€αŸ’αžšαž‘αž»αž€αž˜αž»αž“αž–αŸαž›αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαŸ” αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαžαžΆαž˜αž€αžΆαžšαžŽαŸ‚αž“αžΆαŸ†αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαžŸαŸ’αž›αžΆαž€αŸ”   3. αž•αŸ’αž’αŸ€αž„β€‹αž€αŸ’αž”αžΆαž›β€‹αž‘αŸ…β€‹αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™ αž¬β€‹αžŠαŸαž€β€‹αž…αž»αŸ‡αŸ– αž˜αžΎαž›β€‹αž‘αŸ…β€‹αžαžΆαž„β€‹αž›αžΎ αž¬β€‹αžŠαŸαž€β€‹αžŠαŸ„αž™β€‹αž•αŸ’αž’αŸ€αž„β€‹αž€αŸ’αž”αžΆαž›β€‹αž‘αŸ…β€‹αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™αŸ”   4. αž‘αžΆαž‰αžαŸ’αžšαž”αž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αžαŸ’αž“αž˜αŸ—αŸ– αžŠαŸ„αž™αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžŠαŸƒαž˜αŸ’αžαžΆαž„ αž‘αžΆαž‰αžαŸ’αžšαž”αž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž…αž»αŸ‡ αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαžαž‡αžΆαž αŸ„αž”αŸ‰αŸ…αžαžΌαž…αž˜αž½αž™αŸ”   5. αž›αžΆαž”αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž€αŸ‹: αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžŠαŸƒαž˜αŸ’αžαžΆαž„αž‘αŸ€αžαžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž›αžΆαž”αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž€αŸ‹αž…αžΌαž›αž‘αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž αŸ„αž”αŸ‰αŸ…αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαžαž‘αžΎαž„αžŠαŸ„αž™αžαŸ’αžšαž”αž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ αž‡αŸ€αžŸαžœαžΆαž„αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž“αžΉαž„αž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αŸ”   6. αž”αž·αž‘αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αžαŸ’αž“αž˜αŸ—αŸ– αž”αž·αž‘αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αžαŸ’αž“αž˜αŸ—αž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αž αŸ„αž…αžŽαžΆαžŸαŸ‹ 30 αžœαž·αž“αžΆαž‘αžΈ αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈαž›αžΆαž”αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž€αŸ‹αŸ” αž“αŸαŸ‡αž‡αž½αž™αž…αŸ‚αž€αž…αžΆαž™αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαž·αž”αŸ’αž”αž“αž·αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž·αžαž›αžΎαž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αŸ”   7. Blot Excess Liquid: αž”αžΎαž…αžΆαŸ†αž”αžΆαž…αŸ‹ αž”αž·αžαžŸαžΆαžšαž’αžΆαžαž»αžšαžΆαžœαž›αžΎαžŸαžŠαŸ„αž™αž€αŸ’αžšαžŽαžΆαžαŸ‹αžŸαŸ’αž’αžΆαžαŸ”   αž€αžΆαžšαžšαž€αŸ’αžŸαžΆαž‘αž»αž€αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαž·αž”αŸ’αž”αž“αž·αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž·αž αž‘αž»αž€αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαž·αž”αŸ’αž”αž“αž·αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž·αžαž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ‚αž„αžαŸ’αžšαž‡αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž˜αž½αž™αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαžΈαžαž»αžŽαŸ’αž αž—αžΆαž–αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ 30 αž’αž„αŸ’αžŸαžΆαžŸαŸ (86 αž’αž„αŸ’αžŸαžΆαž αŸ’αžœαžΆαžšαž·αž“αž αŸƒ)αŸ” αž€αž»αŸ†αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαž·αž”αŸ’αž”αž“αž·αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž·αž αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαž·αž“αž”αžΎαž–αžŽαŸŒ αž¬αž—αžΆαž–αž…αŸ’αž”αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž“αŸƒαžŠαŸ†αžŽαŸ„αŸ‡αžŸαŸ’αžšαžΆαž™αž•αŸ’αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžαžΌαžšαŸ” αž€αž»αŸ†αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαž·αž”αŸ’αž”αž“αž·αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž·αž αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαž·αž“αž”αžΎαž–αž½αž€αžœαžΆαž€αŸ’αž›αžΆαž™αž‡αžΆαž–αž–αž€αŸ”   αžŸαŸ†αžŽαž½αžšβ€‹αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‚αŸβ€‹αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“β€‹αžŸαž½αžš   αžŸαŸ†αžŽαž½αžšαŸ– αžαžΎαžœαžΆαž…αžΆαŸ†αž”αžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŸαž˜αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž˜αž“αž»αžŸαŸ’αžŸαž‚αŸ’αžšαž”αŸ‹αž‚αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαž·αž”αŸ’αž”αž“αž·αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž·αžαžŠαŸ‚αžšαž¬αž‘αŸ? αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αŸ– αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαž·αž”αŸ’αž”αž“αž·αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž·αž αž‚αžΊαž‡αžΆαž”αŸ’αžšαž—αŸαž‘αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž€αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžšαž…αž“αžΆαž‘αžΎαž„αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž•αŸ’αžαž›αŸ‹αž—αžΆαž–αž’αžΌαžšαžŸαŸ’αžšαžΆαž› αž“αž·αž„αžŸαŸ†αžŽαžΎαž˜αžŠαž›αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αŸ” αž‡αžΆαžšαžΏαž™αŸ—αž–αž½αž€αžœαžΆαžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžŠαŸ„αž™αž”αž»αž‚αŸ’αž‚αž›αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αžšαŸ„αž‚αžŸαž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαŸ’αž„αž½αž αž¬αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αž’αžΆαžšαž˜αŸ’αž˜αžŽαŸαž˜αž·αž“αžŸαŸ’αžšαž½αž› αž¬αžšαž›αžΆαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αŸ” αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαž·αž“αž”αžΎαž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž€αŸ†αž–αž»αž„αž‡αž½αž”αž”αŸ’αžšαž‘αŸ‡αžšαŸ„αž‚αžŸαž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαž”αŸ‚αž”αž“αŸαŸ‡ αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαž·αž”αŸ’αž”αž“αž·αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž·αžαž’αžΆαž…αž‡αž½αž™αž•αŸ’αžαž›αŸ‹αž—αžΆαž–αž’αžΌαžšαžŸαŸ’αžšαžΆαž› αž“αž·αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž›αž½αž„αž›αŸ„αž˜αŸ” αžŸαŸ†αžŽαž½αžšαŸ– αžαžΎαž’αŸ’αž“αž€αžŽαžΆαž‚αž½αžšαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαž·αž”αŸ’αž”αž“αž·αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž·αž? αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αŸ– αž˜αž“αž»αžŸαŸ’αžŸαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αžΆαž…αž‘αž‘αž½αž›αž”αžΆαž“αž’αžαŸ’αžαž”αŸ’αžšαž™αŸ„αž‡αž“αŸαž–αžΈαž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž”αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαž·αž”αŸ’αž”αž“αž·αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž·αžαžšαž½αž˜αž˜αžΆαž“ αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αžšαŸ„αž‚αžŸαž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαŸ’αž„αž½αž αž˜αž“αž»αžŸαŸ’αžŸαž…αžΆαžŸαŸ‹ (αžŠαŸ„αž™αžŸαžΆαžšαž€αžΆαžšαž•αž›αž·αžαž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž’αžΆαž…αžαž™αž…αž»αŸ‡αž‘αŸ…αžαžΆαž˜αž’αžΆαž™αž») αžŸαŸ’αžαŸ’αžšαžΈαž’αžŸαŸ‹αžšαžŠαžΌαžœ αž“αž·αž„αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž€αžΆαžšαž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž€αž»αŸ†αž–αŸ’αž™αžΌαž‘αŸαžšαŸ” αžœαžΆαž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαžΆαžšαŸˆαžŸαŸ†αžαžΆαž“αŸ‹αžŽαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž–αž·αž‚αŸ’αžšαŸ„αŸ‡αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž“αžΆαž‰αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαŸ‚αžšαž€αŸ’αžŸαžΆαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž‘αž‘αž½αž›αž”αžΆαž“αžŠαŸ†αž”αžΌαž“αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αž•αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž›αŸ‹αžαŸ’αž›αž½αž“αŸ”   αžŸαŸ†αžŽαž½αžšαŸ– αžαžΎαž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαž·αž”αŸ’αž”αž“αž·αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž·αžαž’αžΆαž…αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž‰αžΉαž€αž‰αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž”αŸ‰αž»αžŽαŸ’αžŽαžΆ? αž…αŸ†αž›αžΎαž™αŸ– αžŸαž˜αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž”αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž—αžΆαž‚αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“ αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŸαž·αž”αŸ’αž”αž“αž·αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž·αžαž’αžΆαž…αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžšαž αžΌαžαžŠαž›αŸ‹ ៀ αž‘αŸ… αŸ₯ αžŠαž„αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž˜αž½αž™αžαŸ’αž„αŸƒαŸ” αž‘αŸ„αŸ‡αž‡αžΆαž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αžŽαžΆαž€αŸαžŠαŸ„αž™ αž—αžΆαž–αž‰αžΉαž€αž‰αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž”αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž’αžΆαž…αž”αŸ’αžšαŸ‚αž”αŸ’αžšαž½αž›αž’αžΆαžŸαŸ’αžšαŸαž™αž›αžΎαžαž˜αŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž€αžΆαžšαž”αž»αž‚αŸ’αž‚αž› αž“αž·αž„αž•αž›αž·αžαž•αž›αž‡αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž›αžΆαž€αŸ‹αŸ” αž–αž·αž‚αŸ’αžšαŸ„αŸ‡αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž“αžΆαž‰αžαŸ‚αž‘αžΆαŸ†αžŸαž»αžαž—αžΆαž–αžŸαž˜αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž€αžΆαžšαžŽαŸ‚αž“αžΆαŸ†αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžŸαž˜αžŸαŸ’αžšαž”αž“αžΉαž„αžŸαŸ’αžαžΆαž“αž—αžΆαž–αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αŸ”   αžŸαŸ†αžŽαž½αžšαŸ– αžαžΎβ€‹αž‘αžΉαž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€β€‹αžŸαž·αž”αŸ’αž”αž“αž·αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž·αžβ€‹αž’αžΆαž…β€‹αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎβ€‹αžŸαž˜αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹β€‹αž€αžΆαžšβ€‹αžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹β€‹αž‘αžΆαžŸαŸŠαŸ‚αžšβ€‹αž”αžΆαž“αž‘αŸ? 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αž‘αŸ†αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αŸ†αž“αž„αž˜αž€αž™αžΎαž„αžαŸ’αž‰αž»αŸ† : +662 511 2111