Pterygium is a noncancerous growth on the eye's surface that may cause irritation, dryness, or blurred vision as it extends toward the cornea. Long-term UV exposure is a major contributing factor.
Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and whether vision is affected. Mild cases may be managed with eye protection and medication, while surgery may be recommended for more advanced cases.
Have you ever looked in the mirror and noticed a small, fleshy growth on the white part of your eye, usually near the nose? It might appear slightly red, or you might feel like something’s stuck in your eye. This growth can slowly creep onto the clear, center part of your eye, known as the cornea, causing discomfort, dryness, or even blurred vision. Many people mistake these signs for simple irritation, dryness, or tired eyes, unaware that they might be dealing with a condition called pterygium.
What Is Pterygium?
Pterygium (pronounced tuh-RIJ-ee-um) is a common eye condition that looks like a triangular or wedge-shaped growth on the eye’s surface. It usually starts small but can slowly expand toward the cornea. Though it might look concerning, it’s not cancerous. For some, it’s just a minor cosmetic issue, but for others, it can cause vision problems or significant discomfort.
Pterygium vs. Pinguecula
Pinguecula and pterygium are often mistaken for each other. Pinguecula is a yellowish bump on the conjunctiva, while pterygium extends onto the cornea and can affect vision. Proper diagnosis is key.
What Causes Pterygium?
Pterygium happens mainly due to long-term exposure to UV light from the sun, which is why it’s often called "surfer’s eye." But you don’t have to be a surfer to get it - anyone who spends a lot of time outdoors, especially without proper eye protection, is at risk. Dust, wind, and dry environments can also irritate the eye and contribute to its development. Genetics can play a part, too, as pterygium is more common in certain families.
When Should You See an Eye Doctor?
If you spot a growth on your eye or feel persistent discomfort, dryness, or redness, don’t ignore it. Make an appointment with an eye specialist, especially if it’s growing or starting to affect your vision. The doctor can diagnose pterygium with a simple eye exam and discuss whether it needs to be treated right away or monitored over time.
Pterygium Treatment Options
Observation and Protection
In mild cases, protecting your eyes from the sun with sunglasses and using lubricating eye drops can help keep symptoms in check.
Medication
If the pterygium becomes red and inflamed, doctors may prescribe anti-inflammatory eye drops to reduce irritation.
Surgery
When pterygium grows too large, affects vision, or causes significant discomfort, surgery to remove the growth may be recommended. This involves removing the tissue and often placing a graft (a small piece of your own conjunctiva) to cover the area and reduce the chance of it coming back.
Advice from Bangkok Eye Hospital and Next Steps
At Bangkok Eye Hospital, our experienced ophthalmologists often see patients who are unsure what’s causing their eye discomfort or unusual growths. It’s essential to address these concerns early to avoid complications. If surgery is necessary, one of the best innovations available today is using fibrin glue during pterygium surgery, which offers many benefits over traditional stitches.
To learn more about pterygium treatment and surgical options, read our guide to pterygium. If you’re experiencing symptoms or want a consultation, don’t hesitate to reach out to Bangkok Eye Hospital - our team is here to guide you through every step of your eye care journey.
Book an Appointment / Ask Our Eye Care Team
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Anun Vongthongsri
Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Specialist OphthalmologistA specialist in cornea and refractive surgery (LASIK), and the founder of Bangkok Eye Hospital.
*Note: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for a medical diagnosis. If you experience any unusual eye symptoms, please consult a qualified ophthalmologist.
