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A pinguecula is caused by the accumulation of fat, protein, or calcium deposits on the conjunctiva — the clear membrane covering the white part of the eye — resulting in a yellowish raised spot.Symptoms include a yellowish bump on the sclera, eye redness, irritation, dryness, excessive tearing, and a sensation of having a foreign object in the eye. Pinguecula can be treated with eye drops, ointments, or, in some cases, surgery.At Bangkok Eye Hospital, our team of experienced ophthalmologists provides comprehensive eye care using advanced medical technologies to ensure precise diagnosis and effective treatment. Pinguecula is a common eye condition that can occur at any age. This article will help you understand its causes, symptoms, and treatments, as well as preventive measures to keep your eyes healthy and protect them from other eye diseases — with easy-to-understand advice for everyone. Understanding Pinguecula Pinguecula is a small, yellowish growth on the conjunctiva, usually near the inner corner of one or both eyes. It can be round or triangular and may gradually increase in size over time.Even young individuals can develop pinguecula, especially those who spend a lot of time outdoors and are exposed to sunlight, dust, or wind. Pinguecula vs. Pterygium Pinguecula and pterygium are related eye conditions but differ in their progression.A pterygium extends into the cornea (the clear part of the eye), while a pinguecula remains confined to the conjunctiva without invading the cornea. Both conditions share similar causes — primarily the degeneration of conjunctival tissue due to prolonged UV exposure. When a pinguecula enlarges and spreads into the cornea, it may develop into a pterygium. Early Signs and Symptoms Common symptoms of pinguecula include: A small, yellowish bump on the white of the eye (one or both eyes) Eye redness, swelling, itching, or irritation Dry or sore eyes Excessive tearing A feeling of having a foreign body in the eye If left untreated, these symptoms may worsen and affect vision quality. Causes and Risk Factors Pinguecula often develops due to prolonged exposure to environmental irritants such as: Continuous exposure to dust, smoke, and air pollution Long hours in hot, dry, or windy environments Excessive sun exposure Frequent use of digital screens (causing dry eyes) Aging (especially over 40, when collagen fibers in the conjunctiva degenerate) Outdoor occupations (e.g., construction workers, farmers) Welders or jewelers exposed to bright light, heat, or dust When to See an Ophthalmologist You should consult an eye specialist if: You frequently experience eye irritation or inflammation The pinguecula begins spreading toward the cornea and affects vision You feel persistent discomfort or difficulty wearing contact lenses Early treatment helps prevent complications and preserves clear vision. Possible Complications Complications may include pingueculitis (inflammation of the pinguecula) and pterygium formation.Pingueculitis occurs when the lesion becomes inflamed due to dryness or eye rubbing, causing redness and swelling. Artificial tears and avoiding eye rubbing usually help relieve the condition. A pterygium develops when the growth extends into the cornea due to chronic UV exposure or irritation, potentially leading to astigmatism, blurred vision, or even temporary vision loss.Surgical removal of the pterygium can effectively restore vision and eye appearance. Diagnosis Ophthalmologists diagnose pinguecula through a standard eye examination using a slit-lamp microscope, which projects a narrow beam of light onto the eye. This allows precise visualization of the lesion and differentiation from other eye abnormalities. Treatment Options Treatment aims to reduce irritation and prevent progression: Artificial tears or ointments containing Antazoline and Tetrahydrozoline to lubricate the eyes Anti-inflammatory medications to relieve pain and redness Steroid eye drops for severe inflammation Surgery may be recommended if the pinguecula causes significant discomfort, affects vision, or poses cosmetic concerns.Note: The lesion may recur after removal, but recurrence can often be minimized with proper care. Post-Surgical Care Pinguecula surgery is generally safe with minimal complications.However, recurrence may occur. Your doctor may prescribe medication or recommend mild radiation therapy to reduce the risk of regrowth. Prevention and Eye Care Tips To prevent pinguecula and maintain healthy eyes: Wear wraparound sunglasses and a wide-brimmed hat outdoors to block UVA and UVB rays Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight, wind, dust, and heat Use protective goggles when working with chemicals or in dusty environments Avoid direct airflow from air conditioners to your face For office workers, maintain proper screen distance and blink every 30 seconds to prevent dryness Use artificial tears to maintain eye moisture Wash hands frequently and avoid rubbing your eyes Schedule annual eye exams, especially if you are over 40 Summary Pinguecula is a yellowish deposit of fat, protein, or calcium on the conjunctiva that causes irritation, redness, and a gritty feeling in the eyes.Without proper treatment, it can lead to inflammation or develop into a pterygium. Bangkok Eye Hospital offers advanced diagnostics and treatment for pinguecula by a team of specialized ophthalmologists — providing modern, effective care to restore healthy vision and confidence. Consultation is also available for pinguecula removal surgery, including procedure details and cost. FAQs About Pinguecula 1. What foods should be avoided if I have pinguecula? Avoid alcohol, caffeine, spicy or fermented foods, and unapproved supplements, as they may worsen inflammation. 2. Can pinguecula be hereditary? Yes. Besides UV exposure, genetic factors can increase susceptibility to developing pinguecula. 3. Can I undergo LASIK if I have pinguecula? Yes, but consult your ophthalmologist first. In some cases, removing the pinguecula before LASIK may be recommended for optimal safety and outcomes.