What Are Contact Lenses? Contact lenses are clear lenses worn directly on the eyes to correct vision problems or enhance appearance. They come in many types, such as soft lenses, rigid gas-permeable (RGP) lenses, daily or monthly lenses, toric lenses for astigmatism, and cosmetic color lenses. Proper contact lens care includes washing hands thoroughly before handling lenses, cleaning them with contact lens solution after every use, avoiding tap water or saliva, storing them in fresh solution daily, and cleaning the lens case regularly—replacing it every 3 months to prevent eye infections. When wearing contact lenses, follow your eye doctor’s instructions, avoid sharing lenses, always wash your hands before touching them, and do not wear them for too long or sleep with them in to reduce the risk of irritation and infection. Contact lenses are a great option for people who want clear vision or a more striking look. However, improper use or poor hygiene can cause serious eye problems. Therefore, it’s important to know how to wear, clean, and care for them correctly to ensure long-term eye health and safety. What Are Contact Lenses? Contact lenses are thin, transparent discs placed on the cornea to correct refractive errors—conditions where light entering the eye does not focus properly on the retina, resulting in blurred vision. They can correct nearsightedness (myopia), farsightedness (hyperopia), astigmatism, and presbyopia (age-related farsightedness). Types of Contact Lenses Contact lenses can be categorized based on material and duration of use. 1. Rigid Contact Lenses Rigid Gas-Permeable (RGP) lenses allow oxygen to pass through to the cornea. They are ideal for people with high astigmatism or keratoconus, helping reshape the cornea for sharper vision. 2. Soft Contact Lenses Soft lenses are the most popular type due to their comfort and ease of use. They include: Daily lenses: Single-use lenses discarded after one day; hygienic and low infection risk. Weekly lenses: Worn daily and replaced every 1–2 weeks. Monthly lenses: Worn daily and replaced every month. Extended-wear lenses: Can be worn overnight for several days, but with high infection risk—use only under medical advice. Toric lenses: Correct astigmatism; available in daily and extended-wear forms. Color lenses: Available for vision correction or cosmetic purposes; includes fashion lenses, big-eye lenses, UV-blocking, and color vision correction lenses. Always consult an ophthalmologist before use. Cosmetic lenses: Used purely for appearance—such as cat-eye or vampire effects. Even without vision correction, they should be prescribed by an eye doctor to prevent infections. 3. Other Specialized Lenses Hybrid lenses: Combine soft and rigid materials to improve comfort and visual clarity; ideal for irregular corneas or aging eyes. Multifocal lenses: Contain multiple vision zones for both near and far focus; suitable for presbyopia. Therapeutic lenses: Used after eye surgery to protect and promote corneal healing. Benefits of Contact Lenses Provide clear, natural vision without restricting peripheral view, unlike eyeglasses. Convenient for sports or active lifestyles. Enhance appearance and confidence, especially with cosmetic color options. How to Insert Contact Lenses Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water; dry with a lint-free towel. Work on a clean surface; close sink drains if working near water. Start with the same eye every time (e.g., right eye first). Rinse lens with solution—never use tap water. Place the lens on your fingertip and check that it’s not inside out (edges should curve upward like a bowl). Hold upper eyelid with one hand and lower eyelid with the other. Look straight ahead and gently place the lens on the eye. Blink slowly to center it. Repeat for the other eye. How to Remove Contact Lenses Wash and dry your hands first. Look up and gently pull down your lower eyelid. Slide the lens down onto the white part of the eye. Pinch it gently between your thumb and index finger to remove. Clean with lens solution before storing. Replace daily lenses with a new pair as instructed. Proper Lens Care and Storage Clean lenses daily with recommended solution. Rub lenses gently with fingertips to remove residue. Replace the solution in the case every day. Clean and air-dry the lens case weekly; replace every 3 months. Never rinse lenses with tap water, saline, or saliva. Avoid transferring lens solution into smaller containers. Discard expired or old solution. Who Should Avoid Wearing Contact Lenses Avoid wearing lenses if you have: Dry eyes or corneal abnormalities Skin conditions around the eyelids Thyroid eye disease (protruding eyes) Poorly controlled diabetes Allergies to lens materials or cleaning solutions Tremors, hand coordination problems, or skin issues on fingers/nails Safe Contact Lens Practices Get lenses fitted by an eye specialist. Wash and dry hands before touching lenses. Do not share or swap lenses. Avoid swimming or sleeping with lenses on. Keep solution bottle tips clean. Wear sunglasses outdoors to reduce light sensitivity. Use artificial tears to relieve dryness. Risks of Improper Contact Lens Use Using lenses incorrectly or unhygienically can cause: Dry eyes: From prolonged wear or low tear production. Allergic reactions: From lens materials or cleaning agents. Conjunctivitis (Eye inflammation): Often from allergies or bacteria. Corneal abrasions or ulcers: Caused by dryness, poor hygiene, or tight lenses. Corneal hypoxia: Oxygen deprivation due to extended wear, leading to swelling or infection. Microbial keratitis: Bacterial infection causing redness, pain, and blurred vision—often from sleeping in lenses. Summary Contact lenses offer a convenient and effective way to correct vision and enhance appearance, with various types such as daily, monthly, and color lenses. However, improper use and poor hygiene can lead to eye infections, dryness, and inflammation. Always clean lenses properly, replace solutions regularly, and consult an ophthalmologist if you experience discomfort or redness. For safe eye care and expert consultation, visit Bangkok Eye Hospital, where our specialists can help ensure your eyes remain healthy and protected. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) 1. Is it safe to wear contact lenses for more than 8 hours?It’s best not to wear contact lenses longer than 8–9 hours a day. Extended wear can cause dryness, irritation, and inflammation. Use artificial tears to keep eyes moist if wearing them for longer periods. 2. Do contact lenses thin the cornea?Wearing lenses doesn’t directly affect corneal thickness. However, prolonged use may cause dryness or irritation. Stopping use allows eyes to recover moisture, but corneal thickness remains unchanged. 3. What happens if I sleep with my contact lenses on?Sleeping in lenses limits oxygen flow to the cornea, especially when eyelids are closed. This increases the risk of redness, irritation, and infection. Always remove lenses before sleeping unless specifically prescribed for overnight wear.

What is Retina Checkup?   The retina is the delicate layer at the back of your eye that captures light and sends visual signals to your brain.   A Retina Checkup is a detailed examination designed to detect early signs of retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, retinal tears, or detachment — conditions that can cause permanent vision loss if not diagnosed in time.   This comprehensive screening uses advanced imaging and diagnostic tools to assess your retina’s condition and ensure your long-term visual health. Why Choose Us for Retina Checkup and Treatment?   Our Retina Center combines specialist expertise with the latest diagnostic technology to deliver precise, reliable results. Each checkup is performed by an experienced retina specialist, supported by internationally recognized equipment such as Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and high-resolution Fundus Photography.   Patients choose us because every step — from initial visual tests to specialist consultation — happens in one comfortable visit, handled by a multilingual team that ensures clear communication and smooth coordination for both local and international patients. Tests and Examinations Included:  Your retina check-up requires pupil dilation, which may cause blurred vision and light sensitivity for several hours. Please allow 3–4 hours for the entire visit. We recommend that you bring sunglasses and arrange for someone to drive you home, as you should not drive after dilation.   Your Retina Checkup covers all key assessments to give a complete picture of your eye health:   ✅ Visual Acuity Test – Measures how clearly you can see at different distances to detect any decrease in visual sharpness.   ✅ Computer Autorefractometer – Automatically measures your eye’s refractive error to identify nearsightedness, farsightedness, or astigmatism.   ✅ Manifest Refraction by Refractionist – Provides a refined, manual test to confirm your exact visual prescription.   ✅ Automatic Tonometer – Measures eye pressure to screen for glaucoma and other pressure-related eye risks.   ✅ Dilating Eye Examination – Eye drops are used to widen your pupils, allowing the specialist to examine the retina and optic nerve in detail.   ✅ Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT – Retina) – A non-invasive scan that creates detailed cross-sectional images of your retina, detecting early signs of macular degeneration, diabetic changes, or fluid build-up.   ✅ Fundus Photography – Captures a high-resolution color image of the retina, macula, and optic nerve for precise diagnosis and long-term monitoring.   ✅ Slit Lamp Examination & Consultation by Retina Specialist – A high-magnification examination conducted by a retina specialist who reviews all results and provides a personalized medical evaluation and advice.   Regular Price (International): 7,800 THB Special Promotion Price: 3,900 THB *Valid until 30 November 2025   Protect your sight with an early, complete retina assessment — now available at half the regular price. Terms and Conditions   ℹ️ Promotion valid until 30 November 2025 only. ℹ️ Advance booking is required. ℹ️ Package includes all listed examinations and consultation. ℹ️ Additional treatment or medication, if required, will be charged separately. ℹ️ Cannot be combined with other discounts, vouchers, or insurance programs. How to Book: For more information on Retina Checkup, please call 02-511-2111 or add Line @bangkokeyehospital.

What Is Retinal Vascular Occlusion? Retinal vascular occlusion is a condition that occurs when one of the blood vessels carrying blood to or from the retina becomes blocked. This interruption in blood flow can lead to sudden vision loss and may result in permanent damage if not treated promptly. There are two main types: Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO): A blockage in the main artery supplying the retina Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO): A blockage in the main vein draining blood from the retina There are also branch occlusions, affecting smaller vessels: Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion (BRAO) Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO) These are considered ocular emergencies, particularly CRAO, which is sometimes likened to a “stroke in the eye.” Causes of Retinal Blood Vessel Blockage The causes can vary depending on whether the artery or vein is affected, but most cases are related to underlying systemic vascular diseases. Common Causes Include: Atherosclerosis (hardening of arteries) Hypertension (high blood pressure) Diabetes mellitus High cholesterol levels Blood clotting disorders Heart disease and arrhythmias Inflammatory vascular conditions Smoking and sedentary lifestyle Glaucoma (increases the risk of vein occlusion) In rare cases, an embolism from the heart or carotid artery can travel and lodge in the retinal vessels. Symptoms to Watch For Symptoms can vary depending on the type and severity of occlusion: Arterial Occlusion (CRAO/BRAO) Sudden, painless, severe vision loss in one eye Vision may be reduced to light perception only Occasionally preceded by transient vision loss (amaurosis fugax) Venous Occlusion (CRVO/BRVO) Blurry or distorted vision Gradual or sudden vision changes Dark spots or floaters In some cases, eye pain due to increased eye pressure These symptoms are ocular emergencies and require urgent care to minimize permanent vision loss. Diagnosis at Bangkok Eye Hospital At Bangkok Eye Hospital, timely diagnosis and assessment are critical. Diagnostic procedures include: Dilated fundus examination to visualize blood flow and retinal health Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) to detect retinal swelling or fluid accumulation Fluorescein angiography to assess blood circulation in the retina Ultrasound (B-scan) if there is significant hemorrhage Blood tests and cardiovascular screening to investigate underlying systemic conditions Carotid artery ultrasound and echocardiography, if embolism is suspected Early intervention improves outcomes, particularly in CRAO cases where treatment within hours is most effective. Treatment Options for Retinal Vascular Occlusion There is no single cure, but various treatment options aim to restore circulation, reduce swelling, and prevent further vision loss. For Artery Occlusion (CRAO/BRAO) Immediate ocular massage and breathing into a paper bag to increase CO₂ and dilate vessels Reducing intraocular pressure using medication or anterior chamber paracentesis Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in select cases Management of cardiovascular risk factors and antiplatelet therapy Unfortunately, recovery is limited if treatment is delayed beyond a few hours. For Vein Occlusion (CRVO/BRVO) Intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF drugs (e.g., ranibizumab, aflibercept) to reduce macular edema Intravitreal steroids for inflammation and swelling Laser photocoagulation to treat neovascularization or ischemic areas Ongoing monitoring to prevent complications such as neovascular glaucoma Treatment is usually ongoing and requires regular follow-ups. Complications of Retinal Vascular Occlusion If untreated, vascular occlusion can lead to: Permanent vision loss Macular edema Neovascularization (abnormal vessel growth) Glaucoma (due to increased pressure) Retinal hemorrhage or detachment Managing systemic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes is crucial to prevent recurrence. Prevention and Risk Management Maintain healthy blood pressure and cholesterol levels Manage blood sugar in diabetic patients Stop smoking Exercise regularly and follow a balanced diet Attend regular eye exams, especially if you have cardiovascular risk factors Take prescribed blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs under medical supervision Early detection of changes in the eye’s blood vessels can reduce the risk of future blockages. Related Services at Bangkok Eye Hospital Bangkok Eye Hospital offers a range of specialized services for vascular-related eye conditions: Retinal Disease and Macula ClinicFor diagnosis and long-term management of occlusions, edema, and ischemia Fluorescein Angiography and OCT CenterFor high-resolution imaging of retinal blood flow and structure Intravitreal Injection UnitFor anti-VEGF and steroid therapy Cardiovascular and Diabetes Eye ScreeningEarly detection for at-risk individuals Emergency Eye Care UnitFor sudden vision loss or acute vascular episodes Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Is retinal vascular occlusion the same as a stroke?Yes, in many ways. CRAO is often referred to as an "eye stroke" and is an emergency requiring immediate medical attention. Can vision be restored after an occlusion?Partial recovery is possible, especially in vein occlusions. Arterial occlusions have a narrow treatment window for recovery. What’s the difference between CRAO and CRVO?CRAO involves an artery supplying blood to the retina, while CRVO involves a vein draining blood away. Symptoms and treatment differ. Who is most at risk for retinal vascular occlusion?People over age 50 with high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, or heart disease are at higher risk. How can I prevent future occlusions?By managing systemic health conditions, quitting smoking, and having regular eye exams to monitor eye and vascular health.

What Does It Mean When Your Eyes Are Yellow? Yellowing of the eyes — whether in the sclera (white of the eye) or as yellow discharge (eye mucus) — is not a condition in itself but a visible symptom that can signal a range of underlying health issues, from minor eye infections to serious systemic diseases like liver dysfunction or biliary disorders. Understanding what causes yellowing in or around the eyes is essential to determining when to seek medical attention and what treatment is needed. Yellowing of the Sclera (Yellow Eye Whites) When the whites of your eyes turn yellow, this is medically referred to as scleral icterus. It usually indicates a buildup of bilirubin, a yellow pigment produced during the normal breakdown of red blood cells. Common Causes: Liver diseaseSuch as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or fatty liver disease Gallbladder or bile duct obstructionIncluding gallstones or tumors blocking bile flow Hemolytic anemiaRapid breakdown of red blood cells leading to bilirubin overload Pancreatic diseaseConditions that interfere with bile drainage Alcohol-related liver damage Newborn jaundiceTemporary condition in infants due to immature liver function This yellowing of the eyes often appears alongside jaundice in the skin and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as fatigue, dark urine, or abdominal pain. Yellow Eye Discharge (Yellow Mucus in Eyes) Unlike scleral yellowing, yellow discharge from the eyes is typically a sign of an ocular infection or inflammation. It may appear as crust around the eyes in the morning or sticky mucus during the day. Common Causes: Bacterial conjunctivitis (pink eye)Characterized by thick yellow or green discharge, redness, and irritation BlepharitisChronic eyelid inflammation leading to yellowish crusting Blocked tear duct (especially in infants)Causes fluid and mucus to accumulate KeratitisInfection of the cornea, may include pain, blurred vision, or light sensitivity Eye injuriesResulting in secondary infection or discharge Allergic conjunctivitisUsually produces clear discharge, but can mix with mucus and bacteria If yellow discharge is persistent or associated with pain, swelling, or blurred vision, it should be assessed by an eye doctor. When to Worry About Yellow Eyes You should seek urgent medical evaluation if: Both eyes show sudden yellowing Yellowing is accompanied by jaundice or dark urine Yellow discharge is thick and persistent You experience eye pain, light sensitivity, or vision changes You have a history of liver disease or substance use Early detection of systemic or ocular conditions can prevent serious complications, including vision loss or organ damage. Diagnosis at Bangkok Eye Hospital At Bangkok Eye Hospital, we provide a comprehensive evaluation to determine the cause of yellow eyes or discharge. Diagnosis may include: Slit-lamp eye examination to assess the cornea, conjunctiva, and discharge Tear duct assessment in infants or adults with chronic discharge Liver function blood tests (AST, ALT, bilirubin) if scleral icterus is present Ultrasound or imaging of the liver and biliary tract if indicated Conjunctival swab or culture for infection detection We also work closely with internal medicine or hepatology specialists when liver disease is suspected. Treatment Options Treatment depends on the underlying cause: For Yellow Sclera (Systemic Cause): Liver disease management: Includes antiviral therapy, alcohol cessation, or liver support Gallstones or biliary obstruction: May require surgical removal or stenting Dietary changes: For fatty liver or metabolic conditions Medical management: For autoimmune liver conditions or genetic disorders For Yellow Eye Discharge (Ocular Cause): Antibiotic eye drops or ointments: For bacterial conjunctivitis or keratitis Warm compresses and lid hygiene: For blepharitis or mild discharge Tear duct massage or minor surgery: For blocked tear ducts Steroid drops (under supervision): For severe inflammation Lubricating drops: For dry eyes or irritation-related discharge How to Prevent Eye Discoloration or Discharge Maintain good hand and facial hygiene Avoid sharing towels, cosmetics, or eye drops Treat systemic conditions such as diabetes or liver disease promptly Wear protective eyewear in dusty or hazardous environments Use contact lenses properly and cleanly Regular eye exams can also detect early signs of systemic illness and protect your vision. Related Services at Bangkok Eye Hospital To ensure complete and individualized care, Bangkok Eye Hospital offers: Ocular Surface and Red Eye ClinicFor discharge, infection, and conjunctivitis Corneal and Anterior Segment ClinicFor keratitis, foreign bodies, and trauma Comprehensive Eye ExaminationsScreening for early signs of systemic or ocular disease Pediatric Eye CareFor blocked tear ducts and neonatal eye conditions Multidisciplinary Referral SystemFor cases involving liver or systemic disease requiring internal medicine collaboration Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Is yellow sclera always a sign of liver disease?Often, yes. Yellow sclera usually indicates elevated bilirubin levels, commonly from liver or bile duct issues. Can an eye infection cause yellow discharge without redness?Usually, yellow discharge is associated with some degree of redness or irritation, but mild cases may not be obvious. Can I treat yellow eye discharge at home?Mild cases may improve with warm compresses and eyelid cleaning, but antibiotics may be necessary for bacterial infections. Is yellow eye discharge contagious?If caused by bacterial or viral conjunctivitis, yes — it can be contagious through contact with secretions.   Can newborns have yellow eyes or discharge?Yes. Newborn jaundice is common and usually temporary. Yellow discharge can result from a blocked tear duct, which often resolves over time but may require treatment.

What Is Ptosis? Ptosis, also known as a drooping eyelid, refers to the downward displacement of the upper eyelid that covers part of the eye. This condition may affect one or both eyes and can range from mild (barely noticeable) to severe (obstructing vision). Ptosis is caused by weakness or dysfunction of the levator muscle, which is responsible for lifting the eyelid. It can occur at any age, but is more common among older adults due to natural tissue aging. In severe cases, ptosis may interfere with vision, appearance, and even self-confidence. Causes of Drooping Eyelid (Ptosis) Ptosis may be congenital (present at birth) or acquired later in life. Common causes include: Age-related changes: The most common cause; muscle or tendon stretching with age Levator muscle dysfunction: Weakening or detachment of the muscle that lifts the eyelid Nerve damage: Due to conditions like third nerve palsy or Horner’s syndrome Eye trauma or previous eye surgery: Such as cataract or LASIK procedures Neurological diseases: Including myasthenia gravis or muscular dystrophy Congenital ptosis: Poor development of the levator muscle from birth Tumors or growths in the upper eyelid pressing on eyelid structures Symptoms of Ptosis The primary symptom is visible drooping of one or both eyelids, but patients may also experience: Obstructed or reduced vision, especially in severe cases Increased forehead wrinkling from constantly raising the eyebrows Eye fatigue or heaviness, particularly toward the end of the day Head tilting to improve vision (especially in children) Difficulty keeping the eye open, leading to frequent blinking or squinting Cosmetic concerns, affecting appearance and facial symmetry In children, congenital ptosis may also lead to amblyopia (lazy eye) or strabismus (misalignment) if not treated early. When to See an Eye Specialist Seek medical evaluation if: Ptosis is interfering with your vision The drooping worsens over time It's accompanied by other symptoms like double vision, numbness, or headaches The ptosis developed suddenly You notice unequal pupil size or eye movement difficulties Prompt evaluation is crucial to rule out neurological causes or emergent conditions such as brain aneurysms or tumors. Diagnosis of Ptosis at Bangkok Eye Hospital At Bangkok Eye Hospital, ptosis diagnosis begins with a detailed eye and neurological exam, which may include: Eyelid measurements: To assess the degree of droop and levator function Visual field testing: To determine how much the ptosis affects sight Slit-lamp examination: To evaluate eyelid structure and corneal health Neurological assessment: If nerve damage or muscular disorders are suspected Photographic documentation: For before-and-after comparisons in surgical cases Advanced imaging may be requested if a tumor or systemic disease is suspected. Treatment Options for Ptosis Treatment depends on the cause, severity, and impact on vision and quality of life. Non-Surgical Options Ptosis crutches: Special attachments added to glasses to lift the eyelid Eye exercises: Rarely effective except in very mild or neurologically based cases Observation: For mild or stable cases, especially in elderly patients Surgical Treatment Surgery is the most effective solution for most patients, especially when ptosis interferes with vision. Blepharoplasty (Eyelid Lift Surgery)Removes excess skin and tightens eyelid muscles for better lift and appearanceOften combined with aesthetic procedures Levator Resection or AdvancementTightens the levator muscle to improve its ability to lift the eyelidIdeal for moderate to severe ptosis with good muscle function Frontalis SuspensionIn cases of poor levator function, connects the eyelid to the forehead muscles to assist lifting using a sling material Congenital Ptosis CorrectionTailored procedures performed in early childhood to prevent visual development issues All surgeries are performed by board-certified ophthalmologists and oculoplastic surgeons with experience in both functional and cosmetic outcomes. Recovery After Ptosis Surgery Most patients return to daily activities within 7 to 10 days Swelling and bruising typically subside in 2–3 weeks Final results are usually visible after 1 month Patients should avoid rubbing the eyes and follow post-op instructions carefully Related Services at Bangkok Eye Hospital We provide comprehensive care for patients with eyelid and vision conditions, including: Oculoplastic Surgery CenterFor cosmetic and functional eyelid procedures Comprehensive Eye Examination ClinicTo assess visual impact and underlying causes Neurological Eye EvaluationTo diagnose nerve-related ptosis or related symptoms Pediatric Eye ClinicSpecialized care for children with congenital ptosis Post-Surgical Follow-Up and Cosmetic CounselingEnsures safety, satisfaction, and long-term eyelid health Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Is ptosis only a cosmetic issue?No. While it can affect appearance, severe ptosis can interfere with vision and may indicate underlying health problems. Does ptosis get worse with age?Yes. Age-related ptosis tends to progress gradually due to muscle weakening and tissue sagging. Can children outgrow ptosis?No. Congenital ptosis requires early assessment and may need surgical correction to prevent vision problems. Is ptosis surgery painful?The procedure is typically performed under local anesthesia with mild sedation. Post-operative discomfort is minimal and manageable with medication. Can ptosis come back after surgery?Recurrence is rare but possible, especially if the underlying condition persists. Regular follow-up helps ensure lasting results.

What Is Astigmatism? Astigmatism is a common refractive error that affects how your eye focuses light. Unlike perfect vision, where light enters the eye and focuses evenly on the retina, astigmatism occurs when the cornea or lens is irregularly shaped. This irregular curvature causes light to scatter unevenly, leading to blurred or distorted vision at all distances. Astigmatism often occurs in combination with myopia (nearsightedness) or hyperopia (farsightedness) and can vary in degree. While it is not a disease, it can significantly impact daily activities such as reading, driving, and using digital devices if left uncorrected. What Causes Astigmatism? The primary cause of astigmatism is the abnormal shape of the cornea or lens. A healthy cornea has a smooth, spherical curve like a basketball. In astigmatism, the cornea is shaped more like a rugby ball—steeper in one direction and flatter in another—resulting in uneven refraction of light. Contributing factors include: Genetics: Astigmatism often runs in families and can be present from birth. Eye injuries or surgeries: Trauma or surgical procedures can alter the corneal shape. Keratoconus: A progressive condition that thins and bulges the cornea. Eyelid pressure: Chronic pressure on the cornea, such as from sleeping habits or frequent eye rubbing. Symptoms of Astigmatism People with mild astigmatism may not notice symptoms. As the condition progresses, the following signs may appear: Blurry or distorted vision at near and far distances Eyestrain or discomfort after reading or screen time Headaches, particularly in the forehead or brow area Squinting to see clearly Difficulty seeing at night Astigmatism can affect one or both eyes and may be symmetrical or more pronounced in one eye. Types of Astigmatism Corneal Astigmatism Caused by an irregular curvature of the cornea, which affects how light enters the eye. Lenticular Astigmatism Results from imperfections in the shape of the eye’s lens rather than the cornea. Regular vs. Irregular Astigmatism Regular: The principal meridians are perpendicular; most common and correctable with glasses or contact lenses. Irregular: Often due to injury or keratoconus and may require specialty lenses or surgical correction. Diagnosing Astigmatism at Bangkok Eye Hospital At Bangkok Eye Hospital, we offer precise and comprehensive diagnostic services to determine the presence and severity of astigmatism. These include: Visual acuity tests to measure clarity of vision Refraction testing to determine the corrective lens power needed Keratometry to measure the curvature of the cornea Corneal topography to create a detailed map of corneal shape Wavefront analysis for surgical planning These evaluations are essential before recommending glasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery like LASIK. Treatment Options for Astigmatism Astigmatism can be effectively corrected with various methods, depending on the degree and type of refractive error: Eyeglasses The simplest and most common form of correction Use cylindrical lenses to compensate for uneven refraction Available in single vision or progressive lens designs Contact Lenses Toric contact lenses designed specifically for astigmatism Provide more natural vision correction by sitting directly on the cornea Available in soft, rigid gas permeable (RGP), or hybrid lens options Orthokeratology (Ortho-K) Special rigid lenses worn overnight to temporarily reshape the cornea Ideal for low to moderate astigmatism LASIK Surgery A popular long-term solution that reshapes the cornea using a laser Particularly effective for regular corneal astigmatism Fast recovery and minimal discomfort Learn more: LASIK for Astigmatism: What You Need to Know PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy) An alternative for those with thin corneas or who are not LASIK candidates Reshapes the cornea without creating a flap Refractive Lens Exchange (RLE) Suitable for patients over 40 with significant astigmatism and presbyopia Replaces the eye’s natural lens with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) Can Astigmatism Be Cured? While glasses and contact lenses offer temporary correction, refractive surgery such as LASIK or PRK provides permanent reshaping of the cornea. However, changes in eye shape may occur over time, and regular follow-ups are recommended to maintain optimal vision. Related Services at Bangkok Eye Hospital To ensure complete and individualized care for patients with astigmatism, we offer: Refractive Surgery CenterIncludes LASIK, PRK, and advanced imaging for surgical planning Comprehensive Eye ExamsDetect and monitor astigmatism and other vision problems Corneal Topography and Wavefront AnalysisFor precise diagnosis and custom treatment Contact Lens ClinicExpert fitting for toric lenses and specialty contacts Dry Eye and Ocular Surface ClinicAssists patients whose astigmatism affects or is affected by dry eye Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Is astigmatism genetic?Yes, it often runs in families and can be present from birth. Can astigmatism worsen over time?It can change slightly with age, eye strain, or other eye conditions. Regular checkups are recommended. Is LASIK safe for astigmatism?Yes. LASIK is considered safe and effective for correcting most types of regular astigmatism when performed by experienced surgeons. Can children have astigmatism?Yes. Early screening is important, especially if they exhibit symptoms like squinting or poor academic performance.   Do all contact lenses correct astigmatism?No. Only toric lenses or RGP lenses are designed for astigmatism. A professional fitting is essential.